Ancient games

The earliest recorded reference to events similar to those held at the Highland Gamesin Scotland dates back to the reign of King Malcolm III (Scottish Gaelic: Máel Coluim, c. 1031 – 13 November 1093). He is said to have summoned men to race up Craig Choinnich, overlooking Braemar, in search of the fastest runner to serve as his royal messenger.

A document from 1703 records a summons to the Clan Grant, led by the Laird of Grant, instructing them to arrive wearing Highland coats and armed with guns, swords, pistols, and dirks. This suggests that competitions at the time included feats of arms. Additionally, events likely tested the strength and bravery of Scotland’s soldiers. Musicians and dancers were also encouraged to showcase their skills, bringing honor to their clans.

Some modern sources speculate that the origins of these games may be linked to the deer hunts once conducted by Highland inhabitants. While attempts have been made to trace even earlier traditions, evidence remains scarce. The primary sources stem from bardic traditions that recount contests between clans and trials used to select retainers for clan chiefs. One possible early venue for such games is thought to be Fetteresso.